The Normans had a major influence on Kilkenny following the Norman invasion of Ireland, when the town became a key stronghold in their expanding settlement. They established Kilkenny as an important medieval centre, building defensive walls, churches, and especially the impressive Kilkenny Castle, which still dominates the city today. The Norman layout of narrow streets and urban planning also shaped the historic core of Kilkenny. Much of this legacy remains visible now in its preserved medieval architecture, stone structures, and street patterns, making Kilkenny one of Ireland’s best examples of a Norman-influenced city.